1. Eisagwgh

1.1 Einai to Linux katallhlo gia esas;

Skefteste na allajete apo ton kosmo toy DOS (aytos o orismos kaluptei kai ta Windows) sto Linux; Kalh idea: to Linux einai texnikws anwtero toy DOS, twn Windows 9x kai akomh kai twn Windows NT. Prosoxh omws: isws na mhn einai xrhsimo gia esas. Aytes einai oi basikes diafores metaju twn DOS/Windows kai toy Linux:

• Ta Windows trexoyn to Microsoft Office kai polla paixnidia. 8ewrountai eukola sthn egkatastash kai tis ry8miseis. Einai ejairetika asta8h. Leitoyrgoun ftwxa. Kollane syxna.
• To Linux trexei to StarOffice, exei polu texniko logismiko kai ligotera paixnidia. Mporei na fanei duskolo sthn egkatastash kai tis ry8miseis. Einai sta8ero san braxos. Leitoyrgei ejairetika. Kollaei polu spania.

Ejartatai apo esas na apofasisete ti xreiazeste. Epipleon, to Linux sas dinei dunamh, alla sas pairnei arketo xrono mexri na ma8ete pws na th xrhsimopoieite. Epishs, an xrhsimopoieite kyriws emporiko logismiko, h den exete orejh na ma8ete nees entoles kai diadikasies, kalutera cajte se alla leitoyrgika. Exete yp' och oti polla atoma poy apofasizoyn na asxolh8oun me to Linux ta paratoun, logw twn dyskoliwn sthn arxh.

To Linux ginetai oloena aploustero sth xrhsh, omws mhn perimenete na ma8ete na to xrhsimopoieite teleia protou diabasete polu kai to exete xrhsimopoihsei gia toylaxiston merikous mhnes. To Linux de dinei amesa apotelesmata. Par' oles aytes tis proeidopoihseis omws eimai 100% sigoyro; oti me to Linux 8a breite ton Paradeiso gia ton ypologisth sas. Ep' eykairias, ypen8ymizw oti Linux + DOS/Win mporoun na synyparxoyn aneta ston idio ypologisth.

Proupo8eseis gi' ayto to howto: Ypo8etw oti

• gnwrizete tis basikes entoles kai diergasies toy DOS,
• exete egkatesthmeno ston ypologisth sas to Linux,
• pi8anws me to X Window System (gia syntomia X11),
• to kelyfos (to antistoixo toy COMMAND.COM) einai to bash.

Ektos an anafer8ei diaforetika, oles oi plhrofories poy parati8entai anaferontai sto palio kako DOS. Se kapoia shmeia yparxoyn plhrofories kai gia ta Windows here and there, exete omws yp' och oti ta Windows kai to Linux einai entelws diaforetika, se anti8esh me to DOS poy einai kati san enas ftwxos syggenhs toy UNIX.

Epishs exete yp' och oti ayth h doyleia den einai enas plhrhs odhgos, oute kan odhgos gia arxarioys!

H teleytaia ekdosh aytou toy keimenoy brisketai se diafores morfes sto ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/howto.

1.2 Einai. Peite moy perissotera.

Egkatasthsate to Linux kai tis efarmoges poy xreiazosastan ston ypologisth sas. Ftiajate enan logariasmo gia ton eayto sas (an oxi gracte adduser toonomasas twra! kai to Linux leitoyrgei. Dwsate to onoma xrhsth kai ton kwdiko sas, kai twra koitate thn o8onh skeptomenos «twra;».

Mhn apogohteueste..... eiste sxedon etoimos na kanete o,ti kanate kai sta DOS/Win, kai polla akomh. An xrhsimopoiousate ta DOS/Win 8a kanate kati apo ta parakatw:

• 8a trexate programmata kai 8a dhmioyrgousate, antigrafate, blepate, diagrafate, typwnate, metonomazate arxeia·
• kataskeyazate, diagrafate katalogoys, 8a allazate metaju katalogwn kai 8a blepate ta periexomena toys·
• 8a diamorfwnate disketes kai 8a antigrafate arxeia apo kai pros aytes·
• 8a ry8mizate to susthma·
• 8a «serfarate» sto Diadiktyo·
• 8a grafate arxeia .BAT kai programmata sthn agaphmenh sas glwssa·
• to ypoloipo 1%

8a sas endiaferei na ma8ete oti aytes oi leitoyrgies mporoun kai ginoyn kai sto Linux me tropo paromoio me ayton toy DOS. Sto DOS o mesos xrhsths xrhsimopoiei elaxistes apo tis 100 kai pleon dia8esimes entoles· to idio, mexri enos shmeioy, symbainei kai sto Linux.

Eisagwgika 8emata

O kaluteros tropos na ma8ete kati neo einai na lerwsete ta xeria sas. Ston kosmo toy Linux en8arrunes8e na peiramatisteite kai na «paijete» me to leitoyrgiko, giati ektos ki an mpeite sto susthma (login) ws «root», den mporeite na kanete kanena kako. Kapoia shmeia:

• kat' arxas, pws na kleisete to Linux me asfaleia: An deite mia o8onh keimenoy, pathste <CTRL-ALT-DEL>, perimenete na epanekkinhsei to susthma (reboot) kai meta kleiste ton ypologisth. An doyleuete ypo to X Window System, pathste <CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE> prwta, kai meta <CTRL-ALT-DEL>. Pote mh sbhnete h epanekkineite ton ypologisth ap' ey8eias: ayto mporei na blacei to susthma arxeiwn (file system)·
• anti8eta me to DOS kai Windows, to Linux exei ejarxhs mhxanismous asfaleias. Ta arxeia kai oi katalogoi exoyn dikaiwmata (permissions) sxetismena me ayta. Kata synepeia, kapoia arxeia - katalogoi De mporoun na prospelastoun apo ton aplo xrhsth· (blepe Dikaiwmata kai Idiokthsies). To DOS kai ta Windows, anti8etws, 8a sas afhsoyn na sbhsete ola ta periexomena toy sklhrou sas diskoy`
• yparxei enas eidikos xrhsths poy legetai «root»: einai o diaxeirisths toy systhmatos, me dikaiwmata zwhs kai 8anatoy epi toy ypologisth. An ergazeste sto diko sas ypologisth, 8a eiste kai root. Einai genika epikindyno: ka8ws to paramikro la8os mporei na blacei sobara h kai na katastrecei to susthma, opws akribws kai sta DOS/Win. Mh doyleuete ws root ektos ki an einai apolutws aparaithto·
• pollh apo thn polyplokothta toy Linux ofeiletai sthn ychlh parametropoihsh toy. Sxedon ka8e idiothta kai ka8e programma poy trexei se Linux mporei na ry8mistei mesw enos h perissoterwn arxeiwn ry8misewn. H polyplokothta einai to timhma ths isxuos·
• h anakateu8ynsh (redirection) kai to piping einai mia leitoyrgia toy DOS, polu shmantikh kai polu pio dynath sto Linux. Aples entoles mporoun na enw8oun, wste na epituxoyn pio poluploka erga. Proteinw na ma8ete polu kala pws na ta xrhsimopoieite.

Pou 8a breite boh8eia

Yparxoyn para polloi tropoi na breite boh8eia gia to Linux. Oi shmantikoteroi einai:

• na diabasete thn yparxoysa tekmhriwsh---kai to ennow! Par' oti ayto to HOWTO poy diabasete mporei na xrhsimeusei ws mia eisagwgh sto Linux, yparxoyn arketa biblia poy kalon einai na diabasete: to «Linux Installation and Getting Started» toy Matt Welsh ( http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/LDP/gs/gs.html), to «Linux User Guide» toy Larry Greenfield ( ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/users-guide), kai to FAQ toy Linux ( http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html). Na niw8ete ligaki enoxos ews otoy diabasete toylaxiston ena apo ayta!
• h tekmhriwsh twn hdh egkatesthmenwn paketwn syxna brisketai se ypokatalogoys toy /usr/doc/·
• gia na parete boh8eia sxetikws me tis «eswterikes entoles» toy kelufoys, gracte help h, kalutera, man bash h info bash·
• gia boh8eia se kapoia entolh, gracte man entolh poy epikaleitai th selida egxeiridioy (man page) ths entolh. Enallaktika, gracte info entolh poy epikaleitai, ean yparxei, th selida plhroforiwn (info page) ths entolh· prokeitai gia ena susthma tekmhriwshs se yperkeimeno (hypertext) isws oxi filiko gia xrhsh sthn arxh. Telos, mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete ta apropos entolh h whatis entolh. Se ka8e periptwsh, pathste `q' gia ejodo·
• telos, sto Diadiktyo (Internet): to kalutero meros gia boh8eia einai oi Omades Syzhthsewn (Usenet), opws h news:comp.os.linux.setup. Parakalw mh moy steilete hl. epistolh gia boh8eia, ka8ws einai arketa apasxolhmenos.
• (S.t.M. kante mia boltoula ki apo to «diko mas» www.linux.gr ...)

1.3 Symbaseis

Sto paron eggrafo polla paradeigmata 8a einai sthn ejhs morfh: h <...> einai mia aparaithth parametros, enw h [...] proairetikh. Paradeigma:

$ tar -tf <file.tar> [> redir_file]

To file.tar prepei na anaferetai, omws h anakateu8ynsh (redirection) sto redir_file einai proairetikh.

«RMP» shmainei «please Read the Man Pages for further information» (= parakalw diabaste tis selides egxeiridioy gia peraiterw plhrofories). Epanalambanw oti einai ejairetika shmantiko na diabazei kaneis thn tekmhriwsh. To «DOSWin» shmainei «DOS/Windows».

Otan to prompt mias entolhs einai to #, h entolh ayth mporei na klh8ei monon apo ton root.